Saturday, August 21, 2021

St. Bernard Describes the Qualities of the Bride



St. Bernard's command of Scripture is amazingly displayed as he draws from a wide range of scriptural quotes to make the point of his sermon.

from Sermon 27.2-4 On the Song of Songs

His [Christ’s] power and his wisdom were undoubtedly present at the establishing of the heavens.[12] And do not imagine that he stood by idle, as merely a spectator, because he said "I was there," and not "I was cooperating." Search further on in this text and you will find that he clearly states he was with him arranging all things.[13] Therefore he said: "Whatever the Father does, the Son does too."[14] He it was who spread out the heavens like a curtain, a curtain of superlative beauty that covers the whole face of the earth like a huge tent,and charms our human eyes with the variegated spectacle of sun and moon and stars. Is there anything more lovely than this curtain? Anything more bejewelled than the heavens? Yet even this can in no way be compared to the splendor and comeliness of the bride. It fails because it is a physical thing, the object of our physical senses; its form will pass away.[15] “For the things that are seen are transient, but the things that are unseen are eternal."[16]

Il. 3. The bride's form must be understood in a spiritual sense, her beauty as something that is grasped by the intellect; it is eternal because it is an image of eternity. Her gracefulness consists of love, and you have read that "love never ends."[17] It consists of justice, for "her justice endures forever.”[18] It consists of patience, and Scripture tells you ' 'the patience of the poor shall not perish forever."[19] What shall I say of voluntary poverty? Of humility? To the former an eternal kingdom is promised,[20] to the latter an eternal exaltation.[21] To these must be added the holy fear of the Lord that endures for ever and ever;[22] prudence too, and temperance and fortitude and all other virtues; what are they but pearls in the jewelled raiment of the bride, shining with unceasing radiance? I say unceasing, because they are the basis, the very foundation of immortality. For there is no place for immortal and blissful life in the soul except by means and mediation of the virtues. Hence the Prophet, speaking to God who is eternal happiness, says: "Justice and judgment are the foundation of your throne.”[23] And the Apostle says that Christ dwells in our hearts, not in any and every way, but particularly by faith.24 When Christ, too, was about to ride on the ass, the disciples spread their cloaks underneath him,[25] to signify that our Savior, or his salvation, will not rest in the naked soul until it is clothed with the teaching and discipline of the apostles. [26] Therefore the Church, possessing the promise of happiness to come,[27] now prepares for it by adorning herself in cloth of gold, girding herself with a variety of graces and virtues,[28] in order to be found worthy and capable of the fulness of grace.

4. Though this visible, material heaven, with its great variety of stars is unsurpassingly beautiful within the bounds of the material creation, I should not dare to compare its beauty with the spiritual and varied loveliness she received with her first robe when being arrayed in the garments of holiness. But there is a heaven of heavens to which the Prophet refers. "Sing to the Lord who mounts above the heaven of heavens, to the east. "[29] This heaven is in the world of the intellect and the spirit; and he who made the heavens by his wisdom,[30] created it to be his eternal dwelling-place. 31 You must not suppose that the bride's affections can find rest outside of this heaven, where she knows her Beloved dwells: for where her treasure is, there her heart is too. 32 She so yearns for him that she is jealous of those who live in his presence; and since she may not yet participate in the vision that is theirs, she strives to resemble them in the way she lives. By deeds rather than words she proclaims: “Lord, I love the beauty of your house, the place where your glory dwells.[33]

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[12] 1 Cor 1:24   [13] Prov 8:30    [14] Jn 5:19      [15] 1 Cor 7:31   [16] 2 Cor 4:18   [17] 1Cor 13:8  [18] Ps 112:3    [19] Ps 10:19   [20] Mt 5:3   [21] Lk 14:11  [22] Ps19:10    [23] Ps 89:15    [24] Eph 3:17    [25] Mt 21:7    [26] 2 Cor 5:4    [27] 1 Tim 4:8    [28] Ps 45:10    [29] Ps 68:33-34    [30] Ps 136:5    [31] Is 40:22   [32] Mt 6:21    [33] Ps 26:8   One has been added to the references to Psalms in order to match the Psalms from the NAB. St. Bernard used the Vulgate.

text is from CISTERCIAN FATHERS SERIES: NUMBER SEVEN - BERNARD OF CLAIRVAUX - Song of Songs II

                  

                              

Saturday, August 14, 2021

Song of Songs Chapters 1 and 2– Love of God Emanating from Nature

This is a personal reflection on the importance of nature and the love of God.

She asks: “Tell me, you whom my soul loves, where you pasture your flock, where you make it lie down at noon ….”

He responds:I compare you my love, to a mare of Pharaoh’s chariots.”

She: “While the king was on his couch, my nard gave forth its fragrance. My beloved is to me a bag of myrrh, that lies between my breasts. … a cluster of henna blossoms ….”

He:Behold, you are beautiful, my love; … your eyes are like doves.”

She: “I am a rose of Sharon, a lily of the valleys.”

He: “As a lily among brambles, so is my love among maidens.”

She: As an apple tree among the trees of the wood, so is my beloved among young men. …. Sustain me with raisins, refresh me with apples; for I am sick with love. ….  I adjure you, O daughters of Jerusalem, by the gazelles or the hinds of the field, that you stir not up nor awaken love until it please. ….  My beloved is like a gazelle, or a young stag. …. My beloved speaks and says to me:

He:  "Arise, my love, my fair one, and come away; for lo, the winter is past, the rain is over and gone. The flowers appear on the earth, the time of singing has come, and the voice of the turtledove is heard in our land. The fig tree puts forth its figs, and the vines are in blossom; they give forth fragrance.”

She: “Catch us the foxes, the little foxes, that spoil the vineyards, for our vineyards are in blossom.  My beloved is mine and I am his, he pastures his flock among the lilies. Until the day breathes and the shadows flee, turn, my beloved, be like a gazelle, or a young stag upon rugged mountains.”[1]

How closely this dialogue between lovers is permeated by an appreciation of those things created by God. Love’s passion is excited by the sights and smells of nature unfolding; an unfolding that takes place without the intervention of men. Man’s gaze is directed heavenward.

What is man that thou are mindful of him ….”[2]

“Thou hast given him dominion over the works of his hands; thou hast put all things under his feet, all sheep and oxen, and also the beasts of the field, the birds of the air, and the fish of the sea ….”[2]

But now, in the comparatively short span of time man’s gaze has shifted. That expression of appreciation of mankind for the gift and its creator, i.e. mankind’s gaze heavenward, , has turned inward. We are now enamored of our ability to exercise dominion over nature. The natural world is no longer looked on as a beautiful creation of  God. Rather nature is seen as a haphazard circumstance to be dominated and improved upon by man's intelligence alone. No longer appreciative of nature and its orderly progressions, man has fallen in love with his ability to transform nature and create his own gifts.

Glass and steel buildings, advanced modes of communication, genetic engineering and manipulation of climate are all within man’s power. Given enough time there is nothing man cannot accomplish. We even seek to control time itself.

Lord, help us to return our look heavenward in appreciation of the beauty and order of the gifts you have created. Give us the ability to see the perfection inherent in your creation.  


[1] Various verses from Song of Songs, Ch. 1 & 2, New American Bible Revised Edition - Donald Senior; John Collins; Mary Ann Getty. The Catholic Study Bible, Oxford University Press. Kindle Edition. The text in this version of the Song of Songs is annotated indicating who is the speaker of each verse.

[2] ibid, Ps 8:6-8

Sunday, August 8, 2021

ON FORGIVENESS


          
Sermon 23.15                        

Inability to sin is God’s righteousness; God’s forgiveness constitutes man’s…. Happy is the man whose fault is forgiven, whose sin is blotted out. Ps 32:1   When I say these words I am suddenly inspired with so great a confidence, filled with such joy,  that it surpasses the fear I experienced in the place of horror ,,,  Deut 32:10

                                              CISTERCIAN FATHERS SERIES: NUMBER SEVEN - BERNARD OF CLAIRVAUX - Song of Songs II

Sunday, August 1, 2021

Sermon 22 – A Culinary Concoction

 

Beside a rather ingenious metaphor St. Bernard offers some insight into St. Bernard the man. He expresses a pastoral, even paternal, attitude toward the monks in his charge. Also, he displays a bit of ego by boasting of his hard work and by comparing himself to St. Paul. Do not think him lacking in humility. If humility is having an appropriate assessment on one’s gifts and an understanding of their source, then St. Bernard is spot on.

From Sermon 22.1-2


THE OINTMENTS OF THE BRIDE are as precious and exquisite as you have heard them portrayed, how matchless must those of the Bridegroom be! …. My opinion is that the Bridegroom has a varied and plentiful stock of perfumes and ointments. Some are solely for the pleasure of the bride who enjoys more intimate and familiar relations with him: others are wafted out to the maidens; and others again reach out to strangers afar off, so that "nothing can escape his heat."[1] For although "the Lord is good to all,"[2] he is especially kind to those who live in his house, and the more one is assimilated to him by a virtuous life and an upright will, the more sensitive I think he will be to the fragrance of the newer perfumes and the sweeter ointments. 

2. In matters of this kind, understanding can follow only where experience leads, and I shall be the last to intrude rashly where the bride alone may enter. The Bridegroom knows the delights with which the Holy Spirit charms the one he loves, the inspirations with which he reanimates her affections, the perfumes that enhance her loveliness. Let her be as a fountain entirely his own, unshared by any stranger, untouched by unworthy lips: for she is "a garden enclosed, a sealed fountain,"[3] though rivulets flow from it into the streets.[4] These I may use, though I want no trouble or ingratitude from anyone[5] if I offer what I draw from a public source. I shall even pay myself a mild compliment in this matter, for no small effort and fatigue are involved in going out day by day to draw waters from the open streams of the Scriptures and provide for the needs of each of you, so that without exerting yourselves you may have at hand spiritual waters for every occasion, for washing, for drinking, for cooking of foods. God's word is a water of the wisdom that saves;[6] when you drink it you are made clean, as the Lord himself points out: "You are already made clean by the word which I have spoken to you."[7] The word of God, winged with the Holy Spirit's fire, can cook the raw reflections of the sensual man, giving them a spiritual meaning that feeds the mind, and inspiring him to say: "My heart became hot within me, and as I meditated a fire burst forth."[8] 

 [1] Ps 19.7    [2] Ps 145:9   [3] Song 4:12    [4] Prov 5:16    [5] Gal 6:17    [6] Sir 15:3    [7] Jn 15:3

[8] Ps 39:3

CISTERCIAN FATHERS SERIES: NUMBER SEVEN - BERNARD OF CLAIRVAUX - Song of Songs II